Understanding Overactive Bladder Medications
OAB drugs fall into antimuscarinics (block bladder contractions) and beta-3 agonists (relax muscles). Many start with oral pills, with patches or gels for those preferring non-oral forms. Lifestyle changes like bladder training complement meds.
1. Oxybutynin (Ditropan XL or Generic)
Oxybutynin, a longtime option, relaxes bladder muscles. Extended-release forms reduce dosing to once daily. Available as pills, patches (Oxytrol), or gel. Common for moderate symptoms.
2. Tolterodine (Detrol LA)
Tolterodine offers similar action with potentially fewer side effects like dry mouth. Extended-release capsules suit daily use. Many patients switch if oxybutynin causes issues.
3. Solifenacin (Vesicare)
Solifenacin targets bladder selectivity, reducing urgency in 60-70% of users per studies. Once-daily dosing fits busy schedules. Popular for long-term management.
4. Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)
Mirabegron, a beta-3 agonist, relaxes muscles differently, avoiding dry mouth common in antimuscarinics. Raises blood pressure in some, monitored closely.
5. Trospium (Sanctura)
Trospium crosses blood-brain barrier less, reducing cognitive side effects. Twice-daily dosing or extended-release options available. Suits older adults.
6. Fesoterodine (Toviaz)
Fesoterodine, related to tolterodine, allows dose flexibility (4-8 mg). Once-daily tablet helps urgency and frequency.
Side Effects and Management
| Medication | Common Side Effects | Tips |
|---|---|---|
| Oxybutynin | Dry mouth, constipation | Sugar-free candy, fiber intake |
| Tolterodine | Dry eyes, headache | Artificial tears, hydration |
| Solifenacin | Blurred vision | Dose timing adjustment |
| Mirabegron | Hypertension | Blood pressure checks |
| Trospium | Dizziness | Take with food |
| Fesoterodine | Nausea | With meals |
Most side effects lessen over time.
Combination and Advanced Options
Some combine meds with behavioral therapy. Botox injections or nerve stimulation for refractory cases.
Lifestyle Support
Kegel exercises, timed voiding, and caffeine reduction enhance meds.
Conclusion
These six medications provide options for OAB management in the US. Discuss with healthcare providers for suitable choices.