Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), is a serious condition where the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste from the blood. In the US, CKD—the primary precursor—affects 1 in 7 adults, with diabetes and high blood pressure as leading causes. Early stages often show no symptoms, but as kidney function declines (e.g., below 60% GFR), indicators may emerge. About 90% of CKD cases go undiagnosed initially, highlighting the need for awareness, especially during National Kidney Month in March. Below are several common early symptoms of kidney failure or advancing CKD, drawn from trusted sources like Mayo Clinic and Cleveland Clinic. If you notice these, seek medical advice promptly—these can stem from other conditions too.
- Fatigue or Trouble Concentrating: A buildup of toxins in the blood can cause extreme tiredness, weakness, or difficulty focusing, affecting daily activities.
- Swelling in Legs, Ankles, or Feet: Fluid retention (edema) occurs when kidneys fail to remove excess sodium and water, leading to puffiness, especially in the lower extremities.
- Changes in Urination: This may include reduced urine output, frequent urination (especially at night), foamy urine, or blood in urine—signs of impaired filtering.
- Nausea, Vomiting, or Loss of Appetite: Waste accumulation can lead to stomach upset, metallic taste in the mouth, or unexplained weight loss.
- Shortness of Breath: Fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary edema) or anemia from reduced erythropoietin production can cause breathing difficulties.
- Skin Changes or Itching: Toxin buildup may result in dry, itchy skin, rashes, or darkening in patches.
- Muscle Cramps or Feeling Cold: Electrolyte imbalances can cause cramps, while anemia often leads to constant chilliness.
In the US, resources like the National Kidney Foundation (kidney.org) offer free screenings and helplines (1-855-NKF-CARES). The CDC recommends annual checks for at-risk groups, such as those with diabetes or family history. Remember, these are general signs—professional diagnosis is essential. This article is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for medical advice.